Category: Research

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on medication adherence for the prevention of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on MI appears inconclusive for improving medication adherence for recurrent stroke and TIA prevention, with no benefits on QoL and clinical outcomes. There is a need for robustly designed studies and process evaluations of MI as a complex intervention for people with stroke.
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Current developments of the estimand concept

Apr 27, 2024 |

Since the introduction of the estimand in therapeutical studies, several adaptions have been developed. This short article highlights the important aspects of the estimand concept. A literature research was conducted to identify different extensions to this framework. Different modified strategies for intercurrent events are presented, as well as examples of methods to implement the estimand in clinical studies. The article reflects that the estimand is an ongoing research field with further…
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Gene expression markers in peripheral blood and outcome in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: A study of the European GANNET53 consortium

Apr 27, 2024 |

Disease progression is a major problem in ovarian cancer. There are very few treatment options for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC), and therefore, these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to identify markers for monitoring the response of 123 PROC patients enrolled in the Phase I/II GANNET53 clinical trial, which evaluated the efficacy of Ganetespib in combination with standard chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy alone. In…
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Associations between pathological features and risk of metachronous colorectal cancer

Apr 27, 2024 |

Survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at risk of developing another primary colorectal cancer – metachronous CRC. Understanding which pathological features of the first tumour are associated with risk of metachronous CRC might help tailor existing surveillance guidelines. Population-based CRC cases were recruited from the United States, Canada and Australia between 1997 and 2012 and followed prospectively until 2022 by the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Metachronous CRC was defined as a new…
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Unravelling epistemic injustice in medical education: The case of the underperforming learner

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: This article builds upon recent calls to recognise epistemic injustice in medical education by clarifying its terminology and intended use and providing in-depth application and analysis to a particular case: underperformance and the introverted medical student. Equipped with a more sophisticated understanding of the term, medical educators may be able to re-conceptualise long-standing issues including, but also beyond, underperformance.
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A scale development study: Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSION: The Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment, which was found to meet the validity and reliability criteria, has a four-point Likert-type scoring structure, 34 items, and four subdimensions. It is thought that the scale can make significant contributions to the international literature if its validity and reliability are established with nursing practices and research.
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Synthesis and Characterization of a Cyclic Trimer of a Chiral Spirosilabifluorene

Apr 27, 2024 |

A chiral shape-persistent macrocyclic compound (Si-[3]), designed by the C/Si substitution in the spiro-atom of spirobifluorene in the cyclic trimer (C-[3]), has been successfully synthesized in this study. The C/Si substitution made the spiro-conjugation and energy levels of HOMO and LUMO decrease. Due to the silicon substitution, the macrocyclic compound Si-[3] was able to be degraded by fluoride ions, but its reaction rate was slower than that of the unsubstituted spirosilabifluorene, showing…
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Investigational farnesoid X receptor agonists for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis

Apr 27, 2024 |

INTRODUCTION: Up to 40% of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients have a suboptimal response to Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Close to half of such patients show a remarkable improvement when additionally treated with Obeticholic acid (OCA) but have a dose-dependent increase of pruritus. This relative success of OCA, a first-in-class Farnesoid receptor (FXR) agonist, has positioned FXR as an attractive target for drug development. Novel candidates have since emerged, providing hope for this…
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Folate-PEG-PROTAC Micelles for Enhancing Tumor-Specific Targeting Proteolysis In Vivo

Apr 27, 2024 |

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has been rapidly developed as a novel and selective medicinal strategy for the degradation of cellular proteins in cancer therapy. However, the applications of PROTACs as the heterobifunctional molecules are largely limited by high molecular weight, low bioavailability, poor permeability, insufficient targeting and low efficacy in vivo. Herein, self-assembling micelles of FA-PEG-PROTAC are designed for cancer cell selective targeting and…
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Assessing ChatGPT’s Responses to Otolaryngology Patient Questions

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSION: While ChatGPT exhibits promise in addressing otolaryngology patient questions, this study demonstrates its limitations, particularly in accuracy and comprehensiveness. The identification of potentially dangerous responses underscores the need for a cautious approach to AI in medical advice. Responsible integration of AI into healthcare necessitates thorough assessments of model performance and ethical considerations for patient safety.
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Early and Late Complications of Mandibulectomy Free Flap Reconstruction: Does the Selective Use of Soft Tissue Only Flaps Reduce Complications?

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSION: Osseous free tissue transfer for segmental mandibular defects remains the gold standard in reconstruction. In our patient cohort, anterior mandibular defects are associated with greater late (>90 day) complications requiring additional surgery. Comparable outcomes may be achieved with soft tissue only versus osseous free flap reconstruction of posterior mandibular defects.
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Pairwise stochastic approximation for confirmatory factor analysis of categorical data

Apr 27, 2024 |

Pairwise likelihood is a limited-information method widely used to estimate latent variable models, including factor analysis of categorical data. It can often avoid evaluating high-dimensional integrals and, thus, is computationally more efficient than relying on the full likelihood. Despite its computational advantage, the pairwise likelihood approach can still be demanding for large-scale problems that involve many observed variables. We tackle this challenge by employing an approximation of…
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Clostridiodes difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical review

Apr 27, 2024 |

INTRODUCTION: Strong clinical data demonstrate that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an independent risk factor for Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) and suggest a globally increased prevalence and severity of C. difficile coinfection in IBD patients (CDI-IBD). In addition to elderly individuals, children are also at higher risk of CDI-IBD. Rapid diagnosis is essential since the clinical manifestations of active IBD and CDI-IBD are indistinguishable. Antibiotics have been well…
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Oxidative stress, defective proteostasis and immunometabolic complications in critically ill patients

Apr 27, 2024 |

Oxidative stress (OS) develops in critically ill patients as a metabolic consequence of the immunoinflammatory and degenerative processes of the tissues. These induce increased and/or dysregulated fluxes of reactive species enhancing their pro-oxidant activity and toxicity. At the same time, OS sustains its own inflammatory and immunometabolic pathogenesis, leading to a pervasive and vitious cycle of events that contribute to defective immunity, organ dysfunction and poor prognosis. Protein…
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Positive GLI1/INHBA feedback loop drives tumor progression in gastric cancer

Apr 27, 2024 |

GLI1, a key transcription factor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the function and mechanisms by which GLI1 regulates gene transcription are not fully understood in gastric cancer (GC). Here, we found that GLI1 induced the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of INHBA. This increased INHBA expression exerted a promoting activity on Smads signaling and then transcriptionally…
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Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows

Apr 27, 2024 |

The 6th International Conference, “Controversies in Vitamin D,” was convened to discuss controversial topics, such as vitamin D metabolism, assessment, actions, and supplementation. Novel insights into vitamin D mechanisms of action suggest links with conditions that do not depend only on reduced solar exposure or diet intake and that can be detected with distinctive noncanonical vitamin D metabolites. Optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels remain debated. Varying recommendations from…
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A social psychology of climate change: Progress and promise

Apr 27, 2024 |

Social psychologists have conducted research relevant to environmental problems for many decades. However, the climate crisis presents a new problem with distinctive aspects and distinctive urgency. This paper reviews some of the principal ways in which social psychological research and theory have approached the topic, looking at perceptions, behaviour, and impacts linked to climate change. Each of these areas is becoming more sophisticated in acknowledging the diversity of experience among…
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Design and implementation of community consultation for research conducted under exception from informed consent regulations for the PreVent and the PreVent 2 trials: Changes over time and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Apr 27, 2024 |

CONCLUSION: The PreVent experience illustrated operational advantages and disadvantages to community consultation conducted primarily by telephone, in-person events, or online activities. Approaches to enhance community acceptance included partnering with community leaders to optimize the communication strategies and trust building with the involvement of Institutional Review Board representatives during community meetings. Researchers might need to pivot from in-person planning to virtual…
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Memory biases for gender-typed images in a gender-diverse group of children

Apr 27, 2024 |

Self-socialization accounts of gender development suggest that children attend more to people of their own gender, activities associated with their own gender and stereotype-consistent examples in their environment. Evidence comes from research showing children’s memory biases for such stimuli. This study sought to replicate these memory biases in 367 6- to 11-year-old transgender, cisgender and nonbinary children. Children were shown stereotype-consistent and counter-stereotypical images…
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Exploring the Role of Complexity in Health Care Technology Bottom-Up Innovations: Multiple-Case Study Using the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability Complexity Assessment Tool

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: Even when bottom-up innovations arise within the same support organization, the complexity can vary based on the developmental phase and the unique characteristics of each project. Identifying, defining, and understanding complexity may not solve the issues but substantially improves the prospects for successful deployment. Successful innovation within complex organizations necessitates an adaptive leadership and structures to surmount cultural resistance and organizational…
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Efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-L-leucine in patients with ataxia telangiectasia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this was the first placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial exploring NALL’s potential effects for treating AT. Despite improvements in some symptomss, NALL intervention failed to improve motor function significantly. However, patients’ nausea and constipation were improved by NALL, which can be a relevant benefit clinically.
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Multifunctional chemical anchors achieve a boosted fill factor and mitigate ion migration of high-stability perovskite solar cells

Apr 26, 2024 |

To date, it is urgent to produce perovskite films with comparative or even better morphologies in an open-air environment. Unfortunately, a substantial number of trap states on the grain surface, especially the grain boundaries (GBs) of a perovskite layer, can bring about significant deterioration in the performance of PSCs. Trap-induced carrier recombination directly exerts a detrimental influence on the carrier collection efficiency and electronic properties of a perovskite active film….
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Estimation of alpha exposure on CR-39 detector using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Apr 26, 2024 |

This work is dedicated to study the possibility of using UV-VIS spectrophotometer, a non-invasive technique with a versatile applications that is being used to determine the optical properties of matter, to estimate the CR-39 exposure to alpha particles. CR-39 detectors were exposed to alpha particles from two different alpha sources: ^(241)Am and radon gas. Tracks densities on CR-39 were determined using the traditional counting method by an optical microscope. The transmittances of CR-39…
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Characterizing Technology Use and Preferences for Health Communication in South Asian Immigrants With Prediabetes or Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: Technology access and social media usage were moderately high in primarily low-income South Asian immigrants in NYC with prediabetes or diabetes. Sex, education, marital status, and employment were associated with interest in mHealth interventions. Additional support to South Asian women may be required when designing and developing mHealth interventions.
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Structural and tribological studies on the interaction of porcine gastric mucin with non- and cationic-modified β-lactoglobulins

Apr 26, 2024 |

β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the major whey protein with negative charges at neutral pH in aqueous media. Thus, the interaction with mucins, the major polyanionic component of mucus, is very weak due to the electrostatic repulsion between them. The present study postulates that cationization of BLG molecules may reverse the interaction characteristics between BLG and mucin from repulsive to associative. To this end, cationic-modified BLGs were prepared by grafting positively charged ethylenediamine…
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Clinician perspectives regarding CYP2C19 genotype testing in patients with critical limb ischemia: A Delphi approach

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: PAD interventionalists practicing at an academic health system recognize the heterogenous response of their patients to clopidogrel therapy but are unsure when to leverage genetic testing to improve outcomes for their patients. Our study identified gaps regarding PAD interventionalists’ knowledge, perceived barriers, and attitudes toward CYP2C19 testing in PAD. This information highlights the need for randomized data on genetic testing for clopidogrel responsiveness in peripheral…
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Undecanoic Acid and L-Phenylalanine in Vermiculite: Detection, Characterization, and UV Degradation Studies for Biosignature Identification on Mars

Apr 26, 2024 |

Solar radiation that arrives on the surface of Mars interacts with organic molecules present in the soil. The radiation can degrade or transform the organic matter and make the search for biosignatures on the planet’s surface difficult. Therefore, samples to be analyzed by instruments on board Mars probes for molecular content should be selectively chosen to have the highest organic preservation content. To support the identification of organic molecules on Mars, the behavior under UV…
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Endometrioid Endometrial RNA Index Predicts Recurrence in Stage I Patients

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSIONS: Tumors with high-risk genetic features may require additional treatment or closer monitoring and are not readily identified using traditional clinicopathologic and molecular features. EERI performs with high sensitivity and modest specificity, which may benefit from further optimization and validation in larger independent cohorts.
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Stochastic parabolic growth promotes coexistence and a relaxed error threshold in RNA-like replicator populations

Apr 26, 2024 |

The RNA world hypothesis proposes that during the early evolution of life, primordial genomes of the first self-propagating evolutionary units existed in the form of RNA-like polymers. Autonomous, non-enzymatic, and sustained replication of such information carriers presents a problem, because product formation and hybridization between template and copy strands reduces replication speed. Kinetics of growth is then parabolic with the benefit of entailing competitive coexistence, thereby…
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Women- and clinician- important outcomes and priorities regarding vasa praevia: An international qualitative study to inform development of a core outcome set

Apr 26, 2024 |

CONCLUSION: We have identified patient-important outcomes and experience measures that have been directly fed into the development of a core outcome set on vasa previa. Incorporating these considerations into both clinical practice and future research studies has the potential to improve outcomes and experiences for women with vasa praevia.
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The Arabic psychosocial impact of assistive devices scale: Development, translation, and evaluation

Apr 26, 2024 |

This paper describes the development, translation, and early evaluation of the Arabic Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (AR-PIADS), an outcome measure instrument for the subjective impact of Assistive Technology on a person with a disabilities’ quality of life. Developing the AR = PIADS instrument involved forward and backward translation by two independent teams of bilingual, Arabic-English speakers (n = 5) and a quality and usability review by a panel of people with disabilities…
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